(Vietnamese_(Hanoi)_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0)=
# Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2.0.0

``````{dictionary} Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2.0.0
:id: "Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2_0_0"
:tags: Vietnamese;MFA;IPA
:language: "Vietnamese"
:dialect: Hanoi
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`vietnamese_(hanoi)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v2.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 654
        * Examples
          * nghìm: [ŋ iː˨˨ m]
          * mập: [m ə˨˩ p]
          * mứt: [m ɨ˦˥ t]
          * bờm: [ɓ əː˨˨ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 860
        * Examples
          * tròn: [tɕ ɔː˨˨ n]
          * tuyển: [t w iə˨˩˨ n]
          * đoạn: [ɗ w aː˨˩ˀ n]
          * cản: [k aː˨˩˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 354
        * Examples
          * vểnh: [v e˨˩˨ ɲ]
          * lạnh: [l a˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * mánh: [m a˨˦ ɲ]
          * nhung: [ɲ u˨˨ ŋm]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 567
        * Examples
          * tràng: [tɕ aː˨˨ ŋ]
          * nghé: [ŋ ɛː˨˦]
          * nghìm: [ŋ iː˨˨ m]
          * chẳng: [tɕ a˨˩˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 197
        * Examples
          * mập: [m ə˨˩ p]
          * hẹp: [h ɛː˨˩ p]
          * giúp: [z uː˦˥ p]
          * thép: [tʰ ɛː˦˥ p]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 674
        * Examples
          * quát: [k w aː˦˥ t]
          * tuyển: [t w iə˨˩˨ n]
          * khoét: [x w ɛː˦˥ t]
          * vuốt: [v uə˦˥ t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 82
        * Examples
          * ách: [ʔ a˦˥ c]
          * vích: [v i˦˥ c]
          * oách: [w a˦˥ c]
          * trách: [tɕ a˦˥ c]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 543
        * Examples
          * quát: [k w aː˦˥ t]
          * cãi: [k aː˨ˀ˥ j]
          * cản: [k aː˨˩˨ n]
          * kiến: [k iə˨˦ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 189
        * Examples
          * ổng: [ʔ o˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * yên: [ʔ iə˨˨ n]
          * uôn: [ʔ uə˨˨ n]
          * ách: [ʔ a˦˥ c]
    ```
* - {submanner}`Implosive`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɓ
        * Occurrences: 266
        * Examples
          * bêu: [ɓ eː˨˨ w]
          * bờm: [ɓ əː˨˨ m]
          * biểu: [ɓ iə˨˩˨ w]
          * biển: [ɓ iə˨˩˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɗ
        * Occurrences: 252
        * Examples
          * đoạn: [ɗ w aː˨˩ˀ n]
          * đường: [ɗ ɨə˨˨ ŋ]
          * đăm: [ɗ a˨˨ m]
          * đắn: [ɗ a˨˦ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 392
        * Examples
          * chày: [tɕ a˨˨ j]
          * tràng: [tɕ aː˨˨ ŋ]
          * tròn: [tɕ ɔː˨˨ n]
          * chẳng: [tɕ a˨˩˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 337
        * Examples
          * xoài: [s w aː˨˨ j]
          * sởi: [s əː˨˩˨ j]
          * sọt: [s ɔː˨˩ t]
          * sảo: [s aː˨˩˨ w]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 501
        * Examples
          * dẫm: [z ə˨ˀ˥ m]
          * gioan: [z w aː˨˨ n]
          * ruộng: [z uə˨˩ˀ ŋ]
          * giởi: [z əː˨˩˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 121
        * Examples
          * phanh: [f a˨˨ ɲ]
          * phình: [f i˨˨ ɲ]
          * phây: [f ə˨˨ j]
          * phè: [f ɛː˨˨]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 188
        * Examples
          * vuốt: [v uə˦˥ t]
          * vểnh: [v e˨˩˨ ɲ]
          * vịn: [v iː˨˩ˀ n]
          * vích: [v i˦˥ c]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 256
        * Examples
          * hao: [h aː˨˨ w]
          * hẹp: [h ɛː˨˩ p]
          * học: [h ɔ˨˩ kp]
          * hồi: [h oː˨˨ j]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 779
        * Examples
          * quát: [k w aː˦˥ t]
          * hao: [h aː˨˨ w]
          * tuyển: [t w iə˨˩˨ n]
          * khoét: [x w ɛː˦˥ t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 602
        * Examples
          * chày: [tɕ a˨˨ j]
          * xoài: [s w aː˨˨ j]
          * sởi: [s əː˨˩˨ j]
          * cãi: [k aː˨ˀ˥ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 290
        * Examples
          * lạnh: [l a˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * lúa: [l uə˨˦]
          * lẫy: [l ə˨ˀ˥ j]
          * lưng: [l ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 98
        * Examples
          * thịnh: [tʰ i˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * chỉnh: [tɕ i˨˩˨ ɲ]
          * định: [ɗ i˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * chích: [tɕ i˦˥ c]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 282
        * Examples
          * rít: [z iː˦˥ t]
          * nhịp: [ɲ iː˨˩ p]
          * thị: [tʰ iː˨˩ˀ]
          * thuỵ: [tʰ w iː˨˩ˀ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 119
        * Examples
          * ửng: [ʔ ɨ˨˩˨ ŋ]
          * sực: [s ɨ˨˩ k]
          * dức: [z ɨ˦˥ k]
          * đứng: [ɗ ɨ˨˦ ŋ]
      * ɨː
        * Occurrences: 55
        * Examples
          * khứ: [x ɨː˨˦]
          * nhử: [ɲ ɨː˨˩˨]
          * khử: [x ɨː˨˩˨]
          * chữ: [tɕ ɨː˨ˀ˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 109
        * Examples
          * nhung: [ɲ u˨˨ ŋm]
          * dụng: [z u˨˩ˀ ŋm]
          * rúc: [z u˦˥ kp]
          * trũng: [tɕ u˨ˀ˥ ŋm]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 267
        * Examples
          * rụt: [z uː˨˩ t]
          * hụi: [h uː˨˩ˀ j]
          * hụt: [h uː˨˩ t]
          * giúp: [z uː˦˥ p]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 38
        * Examples
          * tênh: [t e˨˨ ɲ]
          * mệnh: [m e˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * chênh: [tɕ e˨˨ ɲ]
          * ễnh: [ʔ e˨ˀ˥ ɲ]
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 180
        * Examples
          * vệt: [v eː˨˩ t]
          * đệm: [ɗ eː˨˩ˀ m]
          * khuê: [x w eː˨˨]
          * nhễ: [ɲ eː˨ˀ˥]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 103
        * Examples
          * bổng: [ɓ o˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * thốc: [tʰ o˦˥ kp]
          * sổng: [s o˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * độc: [ɗ o˨˩ kp]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 268
        * Examples
          * chột: [tɕ oː˨˩ t]
          * ngôn: [ŋ oː˨˨ n]
          * đỗi: [ɗ oː˨ˀ˥ j]
          * đốm: [ɗ oː˨˦ m]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 428
        * Examples
          * dần: [z ə˨˨ n]
          * đần: [ɗ ə˨˨ n]
          * tuấn: [t w ə˨˦ n]
          * tẩm: [t ə˨˩˨ m]
      * əː
        * Occurrences: 246
        * Examples
          * chơi: [tɕ əː˨˨ j]
          * đớp: [ɗ əː˦˥ p]
          * nhở: [ɲ əː˨˩˨]
          * hơn: [h əː˨˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 307
        * Examples
          * bèn: [ɓ ɛː˨˨ n]
          * ghẹo: [ɣ ɛː˨˩ˀ w]
          * ghém: [ɣ ɛː˨˦ m]
          * nghẽn: [ŋ ɛː˨ˀ˥ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 108
        * Examples
          * vong: [v ɔ˨˨ ŋm]
          * dóc: [z ɔ˦˥ kp]
          * võng: [v ɔ˨ˀ˥ ŋm]
          * học: [h ɔ˨˩ kp]
      * ɔː
        * Occurrences: 271
        * Examples
          * đón: [ɗ ɔː˨˦ n]
          * gọi: [ɣ ɔː˨˩ˀ j]
          * móp: [m ɔː˦˥ p]
          * chói: [tɕ ɔː˨˦ j]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 481
        * Examples
          * gặm: [ɣ a˨˩ˀ m]
          * nẳm: [n a˨˩˨ m]
          * ách: [ʔ a˦˥ c]
          * trách: [tɕ a˦˥ c]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 783
        * Examples
          * sái: [s aː˨˦ j]
          * sảo: [s aː˨˩˨ w]
          * xạc: [s aː˨˩ k]
          * nhát: [ɲ aː˦˥ t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`iə`
* {ipa_inline}`uə`
* {ipa_inline}`ɨə`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˦˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨ˀ˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩ˀ`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˨`